New Flight Computer

Assembled Package

This is the new flight computer we are in the process of developing. This page serves to document the current progress.

Progress

A high level view of remaining features to be implemented

Configuration Storage
- currently callsigns and other settings are embedded in the code. Eventually we want to have these pulled from a file on the SD card so a code rebuild is not necessary to change them.
DTMF decoding
- currently the CML modem chip is only being used to generate packets but is actually capable of decoding DTMF as well.

High Level System Requirements

Documentation
- Complete documentation including development tool requirements and installation process.
- User’s manual showing how to utilize all hardware and software features of the system.

Single board for flight computer and beacon use
AX.25 packet capability for data transmission
On-board landing prediction based on wind data gathered during ascent
- Auto flight start detection to begin logging for prediction
Logging
- Mass storage support for easy access to flight data
- Internal and external temp sensors
- Ability to add additional sensors externally would be nice
- Log battery voltage
At least one servo driver
Ability to receive DTMF/packet commands in flight
- (clear logging, begin logging, beacon reset, GPS reset, etc)
Ability to configure volatile parameters via menu or file
- Call Sign
- Beacon time slotting
- Customization of the status string

Hardware

New flight computer main board

The hardware is based around the NXP (formerly Phillips) LPC2148 - a microcontroller built on the ARMv7 architecture. Benefits are low cost, generous amounts of flash memory and RAM, and plenty of I/O. The chip is driven off a 12 MHz crystal which is multiplied up to 24 MHz by the onboard PLL. This particular processor can run at up to 60 MHz.

Peripherals

A CML Micro CMX678 bell 202 modem IC is used to generate the AFSK AX.25 packet that modulates the radio. This talks to the uC using one of the built-in SPI ports (SPI0). Setup of this IC is pretty simple, and the bitstream is simply shifted out to it via SPI commands.

An SD card is hooked up to the second built-in SPI port. The SD standard allows for a slower (but simpler) SPI interface to the cards. The trick to this is implementing the FAT filesystem in software, but thanks to the ChanFS FAT library this has been made pretty easy.

A Trimble Copernicus GPS engine is connected to one of the built-in UARTs. This outputs standard NMEA strings and is itself configured over the same serial port by using the 'loopback' mode to connect the GPS UART to the external UART.

Schematics

The schematics and board layout is done in Eagle, which can be found under the 'Hardware' folder in the Git repository (need to add link)

Radios

2 Maxon data radios are used to provide APRS downlink as well as the crossband repeater capability. An SD125U2 (UHF) serves as the data and void downlink and and SD125V2 (VHF) serves as the voice uplink. The UHF module needs to switch between two frequencies to avoid having the data packets transmit on the voice frequency. This will be accomplished using an open drain output on the flight computer board wired to the #1 DIP switch. When the output is 'closed' channel 2 is selected - when open, channel 1 is selected.

The VHF module has a carrier detect output, used to indicate the radio is unsquelched. This is an open collector output, pulled up to 5v internally. This is connected to P0.16 on the LPC2148, which is a 5v tolerant pin so we should be OK with this.

Diplexer

Top of diplexer

The diplexer allows the two radios to share a single antenna. It's just a low pass filter filter and high-pass filter to keep the transmitter from desensing the receiver.

Bottom of diplexer

This is the same design ANSR has been flying for a number of years on our old flight computer. I swept it with a network analyzer to get the following plots.

Software

The software is written primarily in C++, with the exception of the basic startup routines to initialize the hardware and setup the C++ runtime. I use a port of GCC for arm, put together by CodeSourcery (now MentorGraphics). The 'lite' version is fine, all you get by paying for the other versions is an IDE and the startup routines - we're going to do everything with a makefile, which is really superior to a project file for an IDE anyways (at least in my opinion :). Eclipse can easily run make to begin the build process or you can run it from the command line if you prefer.

Build Environment & Procedures

Since the software is built using a makefile, the build environment setup is very simple. I use Ubuntu Desktop as the host platform. The CodeSourcery compiler is available for windows as well however, so with a few tweaks to the makefile it should also build under Cygwin. I like to use the Eclipse editor since it has integrated in-circuit debugging capability with GDB and OpenOCD. Install the codesourcery version 4.5.2 lite package and ensure it gets added to your $PATH environment variable. Run 'make' in the directory to start the build.

The code can be cloned from github:

Arm7 Library: https://github.com/AD7ZJ/arm7lib
Application Software: https://github.com/AD7ZJ/ANSR-Flight-Computer

You'll want to build the library first as the application needs it as a dependency. Run 'make' in the directory to start the build. Assuming it builds successfully, you should have a file called libarm7lib.a in the project directory.

Now the application software can be built. The makefile currently expects the libary in the relative directory ../arm/arm7lib however that is easy to change if necessary.

Debugging

The application is setup for debugging using the Eclipse IDE which natively works with GDB, and the Zylin plugin to interface with OpenOCD. First thing is to make sure you have OpenOCD installed. Then install the Zylin Eclipse plugin from within Eclipse by going to Help->Install New Software... and click Add. Enter something like "Zylin" for the name, and then for the location put http://opensource.zylin.com/zylincdt Click OK and it should then find the Zylin Embedded CDT - proceed with the install of this. Eclipse will need to restart after this.

It is easiest to setup OpenOCD as an external tool to run from within Eclipse - this saves you from typing in the command line arguments each time you want to run it. To do this, from the C++ perspective click Run->External Tools->External Tool Configurations... Create a new configuration and put in the full path to the OpenOCD bin's location as well as for the working directory. In my case, the location is /usr/bin/arm-toolchain/bin/openocd and the working dir is /usr/bin/arm-toolchain/bin. For arguments, put in -f /home/elijah/projects/arm7_app/openocd.cfg Obviously this has to be adjusted to suit your system, but the important thing is to get it pointed at the openocd.cfg file. This can be a path relative to your workspace dir.

Next thing to do is setup the debug configuration. This should be already setup in the project's config file, but for future reference here is how to do it. Switch to the debug perspective to do this, click on the arrow next to the bug, and select Debug Configurations... There should be an option in the menu on the left for Zylin Embedded (Native). Create a new configuration under this, and start filling out the boxes as follows:

C++ Application: FlightComputer.elf This is the file that will be loaded into GDB for symbol info.

Under the debugger tab:

Set the debugger dropdown to 'Embedded GDB'
Set GDB Debugger: /home/elijah/CodeSourcery/Sourcery_G++_Lite/bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb Obviously adjust this to the full path of wherever you installed the CodeSourcery toolchain.

Under the Commands tab:

In the initialization commands put 'target remote localhost:3333' without the quotes
In the run commands box, put the following:

monitor reset halt monitor wait_halt monitor gdb_breakpoint_override hard monitor poll monitor arm7_9 fast_memory_access enable monitor arm7_9 dcc_downloads enable monitor flash probe 0 monitor flash write_image erase /home/elijah/projects/arm7_app/FlightComputer.bin monitor reset halt

Software Documentation